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The natural history of dogs : Canidae or genus Canis of authors ; including also the genera Hyaena and Proteles / by Lieut. Col…
110
INTRODUCTION.
canines are investigated ; and although the author's object
was not to question the single or plural…
THB
CANINE FAMILY IN GENERAL,
OR THB
GENUS CANIS, (Linn.).
Dogs, taken in a collective sense, constitute a family
of…
112 ^THE CANINE FAMILY
have undergone, can fix species by such aid, con-
sistently with their own argument, we do not pre-…
IN GENERAL.
113
larity Is so very great, the general structure of the
animals cannot depart from this leading and chief…
^4
THE CANINE FAMILY
and all the teeth are proportionahly stronger than in
the dingo.
The teeth of canidas consist, in the…
IN^OENERAL.
115
absolutely exclusive subsistence of canines to be
animal food; and tbis law, with its modifications,
is so…
116
THE CANINE FAMILY
stantly wanting ; and the same difference occurs in
the Canis Dukhunensis of Colonel Sykes, and in all…
IN GENERAL.
115?
or five ; one group alone has only four toes on all
the feet.
In all of them the two middle toes are…
118
THE CANINE FAMILY
hangs to the left ; which Sonnini justly ascribes to
their action of galloping.
The mammae are from…
IN GENERAL.
119
cleanly as animals of the cat kind.
In this respect
the nocturnal species, -svhose fur is also more close…
120
THE CANINE FAMILY
exceeds twenty years. The phenomena of gestation
in canines demand some observations, from the
number…
IN GENERAL.
121
first state of existence, may be one of tlie many
provisions of Nature to keep up the balance be-
tween the…
122
THE CANINE FAMILY
hostility of his family to tigers, hy his unceasing
pursuit of them in the night, and announcing his…
IN GENERAL.
123
the thighs and shoulders fleshy, and the legs ten-
dinous ; the muscles appear very prominent, but the
gait…
124
THE CANINE FAMILY
and France, hydropliobia attacks wolves and foxes
as well as the dogs ; both the first mentioned are…
IN GENERAL.
125
formerly had their earths in Germany. Many of the
species hunt in troops ; those who are permanent…
126
THE CANINE FAMILY
and races that have since been nearly or entirely
extirpated.
This opinion is strengthened hy the…
IN GENERAL.
127
now are In Natoiia. Canines are indicated hj them
under denominations which the moderns applied at
random…
128
THE DIURNAL CANID^.
The several groups of canine animals which are
provided Avith a circular disk or round pupa in the…
129
SUB-GENUS I. CHAON.
SECTION I. LUPUS.
THE WOLVES.
Lupus, Linn.—Sub-genus Chaon, Ham. Smith.
The typical wolf of Europe…
130
THE WOLVES.
In stature and strength the wolves of Europe
vary but shghtlv, and equal or surpass the largest
and most…
THE WOLVES.
131
when they wish to conceal a part of their food or
the droppings about their lairs.
The parent wolves…
132
THE WOLVES.
Tartary have different manners, probably from ne-
cessity, not choice.
It is said that the burrows of…
THE WOLVES.
ISli
listening, snuffing up the air, smelling the ground,
and springing over the threshold without touching
it…
Id4
THE WOLVES.
ately devour him. At, the close of the appalling
famine which desolated India, now more than a
quarter of a…
THE WOLVES.
135
made efforts to drao- him throuoh ; his cries awa-
kening the whole vicinity, the beast was compelled
to…
136
THE WOLVES.
rally repel the attack, killing one or more of the
enemy. Single horses fight a wolf by striking with…
THE V/OLVES.
1,37
employing them to extir}3ate their common enemv
particularly as in times of peace their garrison
duties…
138
THE WOLVES,
by BufFon, disclose the usual disposition of wolves,
yet when taken young and under judicious treat-
ment,…
THE WOLVES.
139
just as tlie most attached dog would have done
after a separation of a few days. Unhappily his
master was…
140
THE WOLVES.
blished ; he resumed his good condition of body
and brilliant coat ; his keepers could again approach
him…
THE WOLVES.
141
holes, or under the most sheltered and impenetrable
covers., where a bed of moss is gathered by the
mother…
142
THE WOLVES.
pearing, in Europe at least, that wolves by no
means pair every autumn.
The malevolent sagacity, fearful…
THE WOLVES.
] 43
wolves.
Some nations of antiquity, as well as the
more recent noble tribes of Goths and Saxons,
claimed…
144
THE WOLVES.
Asia, we are still insufficiently acquainted with
several that are known to exist, to pronounce with…
THE "WOLVES.
145
ring to Opplan,* whose information on the subject
is by far the most distinct, that he enumerates…
14o
THE WOLVES.
The fourth and fifth, acimones, and perhaps icti-
nus, were smaller ; with a lengthened body, strong
and…
THE WOLVES.
147
refer to a canine commonly considered as a fox ; but
it is larger, more bulky, low on the legs, with a…
148
THE COMMON WOLF.
Lupus vulgaris.
PLATE I.
The common wolf of Western Europe is in stature
from twenty-seven to twenty-…
THE COMMON WOLF.
149
In colour, the head, face, neck, and back is light
grey ; the hair being a mixture of sandy and ash
on…
150
THE BLACK WOLF.
Lupus li/caon.
PLATE IL
This species is at least equal in stature to the com-
mon wolf, and even…
THE BLACK WOLF,
151
tlie species, appears in doubt whether it be not hy-
brid ; although in a former part of the same…
152
THE BLACK WOLF.
now the lobo will accompany strings of mules as
soon as it becomes dusky. They are seen bounding
from…
THE BLACK WOLF.
153
mal, and there is an indication tliat, like the former,
it assimilates more with dogs than the grey wolf…
154
THE BLACK WOLF.
was killed in Scotland, in 1 680, by Sir Ewen Came-
ron ; and in Ireland, the last presentment for…
THE AMERICAN WOLVES.
155
fore-wrists is present.
The grey about the eyes
and face, in old individuals, is likewise similar…
156
THE AMERICAN WOLVES.
their fur is shining and pure black : of the former,
Mr Griffith, in the EngUsh version of the…
157
THE DUSKY WOLF.
Lupus nubiltis, Wied.
PLATE in.
Observed in latitudes to the north of the Canadas,
presents the…
158
WOLF OF SOUTHERN STATES, N. AMERICA,
Tjupus Meoncanus, Smith,
PLATE IV.
Is still very imperfectly known, although it…
NORTH AMERICA WOLF.
159
of tlieir fur, for we figure here an individual shot in
Viroinia, which is evidently much allied to…
160
SECTION II. LYCISCUS.*
THE LYCISCAN DOGS.
Under this denomination we propose to class the
diurnal canines that are not…
THE LYCISCAN DOGS.
1()1
in our present state of knowledge concerning tliem,
being no more than to place their names in one…
162
NORTH AMERICAN PRAIRIE WOLF.
Lyciscus latrans.
PLATE V.
This species, partly residing in tlie higher latitudes
of the…
NORTH AMERICAN PRAIRIE WOLF.
163
of lupus.
The choice of open plains, burrowing in
large communities, instinctive…
164
THE CAYGOTTE* OF MEXICO.
Lyciscus cagottis^Smith.
PLATE VL
The Caygotte of the Mexican Spaniards, and most
probably…
THE CAYGOTTE OF MEXICO.
i65
\^'hite.
The Indians named it aguarra^an appella-
tion we shall find in the sequel applied…
166
THE CAYGOTTE OF MEXICO.
for domestic purposes.
Captain Williamson con-
founds tliem "with his beriahs, but…
167
SECTION III. CHRYSEUS.
THE RED DOGS.
The second group of wild dogs belongs to the old
continent, and at present is…
1 68
THE RED DOGS.
great personal courage, and the instinct of defend-
ing each other in danger. Their voice is a kind of…
THE RED DOGS.
169
many and his demon hounds, the Plellequin and
King Arthur in the forest of Broceliant.
As we find species…
3 70
THE RED DOGS.
attracted inquiry much earlier. It is because we
think there is sufficient evidence to presume that it…
THE RED DOGS.
171
ported to have quite as much instinct and discern-
ment as the familiar breeds, but it is not as yet…
172
THE RED DOGS.
The Dhole of Mr Wooller, discovered by him in
the Mahablishwar hills, is also considered to be at
most…
THE RED DOGS.
173
the other seen in the southern provinces.
This
Dhole was represented to be a robust thick-bodied
animal…
] 74
THE RED DOGS.
of Beloocliistan, one of two species of wild canines
found in tLe Avoody mountains of South-eastern…
THE RED DOGS.
175
the west, a wild S2")eclcs still larger than the red,
which had so much whit6 that the brown and…
1 76
THE RED DOGS.
the Xv'/,<p Sov^»g or Aureus of Oppian, which he
relates was a resident of the rocky jungles…
THE RED DJGS.
177
AH these characters are perfectly applicable to the
Chryseus of our type, and to its varieties. The…
1 78
THE RED DOGS.
dentally recorded;* and Pliny, Avho collected all
the information within his reach, without attempt-
ing…
179
THE TKUE DHOLE.*
Chn/seiis sct/Icut, Smith.
PLATE Vn.
The Dhole of Capt. Williamson^and Quihoe of Dr. Daniel
Johnson…
180
THE TRUE DHOLE.
zle, back of the ears, and feet sooty. From this
description the animal differs from Chryseus primw-…
181
DHOLE OF CEYLON.
Chrysetis Ceylonicus.
PLATE VIIL
Canis Ceylonicus, Shaw ; or Wild Dog of Ceylon,
First described by…
182
"
DHOLE OF CEYLON.
mined, in Holland, the skin of a dog which was said
to have come from Ceylon and…
DHOLE OF CEYLON.
183
Mebbia of Congo, which assemble to the number
of thirty or forty, and hunt all kinds of animals,
but…
184
THE P\RT4H DOG.
Chryseus pahariah, N0BI8.
Chien marron of the French at Pondicherry.
It may be questioned whether the…
the' PARIAH DOG.
185
notice taken that they burrow, apparently resem-
bling in this respect the rest of the present…
186
THE PARIAH DOG.
extending to the south beyond the equinoctial line,
and in their turn form the nearest approach to the…
SUMATRAN CHRYS^US.
187
lositj above each ; the general colour a foxy ferrw.-
ginous red, varying to lighter shades on the…
188
THE NEW HOLLAND DINGO.
Chrysceus Australice.
PLATE X.
Tlie Dingo of New Holland, or Canis Australasias of Authors.…
THE NEW HOLLAND DINGO.
189
emit a strono- odour, and in fiohtino- domestic doo-s
snap very severely.
The number of their…
190
THE NEW HOLLAND DINGO.
mestic dogs they seize without hesitation : yet these
facts, excepting the first, relate to…
191
CHRYSEUS JAVANICUS.
Canis Javaniciis, Desm.
Probably the Asuwawa of Raffles. This species
was first brought to Europe…
192
THE CHRYSEAN GROUP.
which, if they were descended from wolves or
jackals, they must have returned ; neither do they…
193
SECTION IV. THOUS.
THE THOA WILD DOGS.
The Thoan group represents in form the wolf on a
reduced scale : beino- only…
194
THE THOA WILD DOGS.
dogs only as distinct species, but we think that in
a late paper he has felt the necessity of…
195
THOUS ANTHUS.
Cants Antkus, F. Cuvier.
The Wild Dog of Egypt.—Deeb of the Natives.
The head of this species is rather…
196
THOUS ANTHUS.
Dr Ruppel obtained specimens about Bahar el
Azrak. It is not common in Egypt. The same
traveller observed…
THOUS AXTHUS.
197
of domestic dogs, still there is reason to believe they
were a distinct species.*
* It may be remarked…
198
THE THOUS OF NUBIA,
Tlious variegatus,
PLATE XI.
Is about an inch lower at the shoulder and in other
respects…
199
THE YENLEE, OR PIED THOUS.
Thotcs mesomelas,
PLATE XII.
Canis mesomelas of authors,—Yenlee of the Hottentots.
Boutevos…
200
intermixture of colours the fur exhibits, claims its
place to be in the present group ; and if we look to
the dogs of…
203
SENEGAL THOUS.
Thous Senegalensis.
PLATE XIIL
Chacal de Senegal, F. Cuv.
The able French naturalist, last quoted,…
202
SENEGAL THOUS.
base and upper part of the tail is dark sepia-browa
the long hairs beneath and towards the tip buff; the…
203
THOUS TOKLA, Nobis,
Tulki of the Persians, and probably the Tokla of Abyssinia,
Is a larger canine than the T. anthus.…
204
WILD DOG OF NATOLIA.
Thous aonon. Smith.
PLATE XIV.
Perhaps the Schib of Sjiia.
This animal has been confounded with…
WILD DOG OF XATOLIA.
205
the hair, forming a broad streak, stood up crisped.
This appearance may be accidental, although a…
206
SECTION V. SACALIUS.
THE JACKALS.
Naturalists, searching for the name of the Jackal
in the writings of the ancients,…
THE JACKALS.
207
and for the same reason we apply it to the present
form of minor gregarious canines."" By…
208
THE JACKALS.
prophets.
Though it is thus overlooked, or con-
founded with the Deeh (the wolf) in the Hebrew
and…
THE JACKALS.
209
is not as yet ascertained ; they occupy the greatest
geographical range of all the wild canines known.…
Pagination
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